RAPPORT MONDIAL SUR LA PROTECTION SOCIALE 2014/15: BÂTIR LA REPRISE ÉCONOMIQUE, LE DÉVELOPPEMENT INCLUSIF ET LA JUSTICE SOCIALE
Le Rapport mondial sur la protection sociale 2014/15 constitue une source d’information exhaustive sur les systèmes de protection sociale, les tendances politiques et les statistiques de protection sociale.
Le rapport :
- donne une vue d’ensemble de l’organisation des systèmes de protection sociale, de leur couverture et de leurs prestations, ainsi que des dépenses publiques de sécurité sociale;
- présente, dans le cadre d’une approche fondée sur le cycle de vie, les stratégies de protection sociale pour les enfants, les femmes et les hommes en âge de travailler, ainsi que pour les personnes âgées;
- analyse les tendances et les politiques récentes, notamment les répercussions négatives de l’assainissement des finances publiques et des mesures d’ajustement;
- met de l’avant l’extension de la protection sociale comme moyen pour sortir de la crise, d’assurer le développement inclusif et de favoriser la justice sociale.
Chapter 1 Introduction | Figures
Figure 1.1 | Towards comprehensive social security systems: Number of areas covered in socialprotection programmes anchored in national legislation, 1900–2012 | ||
Figure 1.2 | Development of social protection programmes anchored in national legislation by area (branch), pre-1900 to post-2005 (percentage of countries) |
Social protection for children and families | Figures
Figure 2.1 | Public expenditure on child and family benefits by region, and proportion of children aged 0–14 in total population, 2010—11 (percentage of GDP) | ||
Figure 2.2 | Public social protection expenditure on child and family benefits (excluding health), 2010–11 (percentage of GDP) | ||
Figure 2.3 | Overview of child and family cash benefit programmes anchored in national legislation, by type of scheme and groups covered, 2012–13 | ||
Figure 2.4 |
Child/family allowances: Distribution of programmes anchored in legislation, by type of programme, 2011–13
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Figure 2.5 | Child/family allowances: Existence of programme anchored in legislation and main group(s) covered, by region, 2011–13 (percentage of countries) | ||
Figure 2.6 | Child/family allowances: Main sources of financing, 2011–13 | ||
Figure 2.7 | Level of expenditure and proportion of population reached by non-contributory conditional cash transfer programmes in selected Latin American countries, latest available year (percentages) |
Social protection for women and men of working age | Figures
3.1 Introduction: The quest for income securityFigure 3.1 | Non-health public social protection expenditure for people of working age, and share of people of working age (15–64) in the total population, 2010–11 | ||
Figure 3.2 | Non-health public social protection expenditure for people of working age, by national income (percentage of GDP), 2010–11 |
Figure 3.3 |
Overview of unemployment protection schemes anchored in national legislation, by type of scheme and benefit, 2012–13
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Figure 3.4 |
Distribution of unemployment protection schemes worldwide by type of scheme, 2012–13
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Figure 3.5 |
Distribution of unemployment protection schemes worldwide by extent of legal coverage of the labour force, latest available year
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Figure 3.6 | Unemployment protection schemes: Extent of legal coverage, regional estimates, latest available year (percentage of labour force) | ||
Figure 3.7 |
Effective coverage of unemployment benefits: unemployed who actually receive cash benefits, regional estimates, 2007, 2009 and 2012–13 (percentages)
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Figure 3.8 |
Effective coverage of unemployment benefits: unemployed who actually receive cash benefits, latest available year (percentages)
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Figure 3.9 | Effective coverage of unemployment benefits: unemployed who actually receive cash benefits, latest available year (percentages) | ||
Figure 3.10 | Proportion of unemployed receiving unemployment benefits and relative poverty rates for the unemployed, selected European countries, 2012 | ||
Figure 3.11 | Unemployed receiving unemployment cash benefits: All ages and youth, 2012–13 (percentages) |
Figure 3.12 | Employment injury protection: Distribution by type of programme, 2012–13 | ||
Figure 3.13 |
Employment injury protection: Regional estimates of legal coverage (total and women), latest available year (percentage of labour force)
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Figure 3.14 | Employment injury protection: Legal and effective coverage, latest available year (percentage of labour force) | ||
Figure 3.15 | Employment injury protection: Replacement rates for permanent disability, 2012–13 | ||
Figure 3.16 | Employment injury protection: Replacement rates for temporary disability, 2012–13 |
Figure 3.17 | Overview of cash disability benefit programmes anchored in national legislation, by type of programme and benefit, 2012–13 | ||
Figure 3.18 |
Income support for persons with disabilities: Existence and type of programmes (2012–13)
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Figure 3.19 |
Europe: Persons with disabilities in working age and recipients of disability benefits, 2010
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Figure 3.20 |
Europe: Rates of poverty risk among those of working age (16–64) by disability status, 2010 (percentages)
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Figure 3.21 | Maternity cash benefit schemes anchored in national legislation: Types of schemes, 2013
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Figure 3.22 | Legal (mandatory) coverage for maternity cash benefits: Women in employment protected by law for loss of income during maternity, latest available year (percentages) | ||
Figure 3.23 | Effective coverage for maternity cash benefits: Women in employment contributing to maternity cash benefits schemes or otherwise entitled to such benefits, latest available year (percentages) | ||
Figure 3.24 | Duration of paid maternity leave in national legislation, 2013 (weeks) | ||
Figure 3.25 | Level of maternity cash benefit as a proportion as previous earnings, 2013 (per cent) | ||
Figure 3.26 |
Antenatal care coverage by region, latest available year (percentage of live births)
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Figure 3.27 | Antenatal care coverage by social health protection coverage, latest available year | ||
Figure 3.28 | Inequities in access to maternal health services by wealth quintile and national income level, latest available year | ||
Figure 3.29 | Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) and live births attended by skilled health personnel, according to national income level, 2011 |
Social protection for older women and men: Pensions and other non-health benefits | Figures
Figure 4.1 | Sources of income of people aged 65 and over, OECD countries | ||
Figure 4.2 | Correlation between greater public pension provision and lower poverty levels, OECD countries | ||
Figure 4.3 | Overview of old-age pension schemes anchored in national legislation, by type of scheme, 2012–13 | ||
Figure 4.4 | Non-health public social protection expenditure on pensions and other benefits for older persons, and share of older population (65 and above) in total population (2010–11) | ||
Figure 4.5 | Non-health public social protection expenditure on pensions and other benefits for older persons, 2010–11 (percentage of GDP) | ||
Figure 4.6 | Long-term care expenditure as a proportion of GDP, 2010 and projections for 2060 (percentages) | ||
Figure 4.7 | Old-age pensions: Extent of legal coverage, by region, latest available year (percentages) | ||
Figure 4.8 | Effective pension coverage ratios by region, latest available year (percentages) | ||
Figure 4.9 | Old-age pension beneficiaries as a proportion of the population above statutory pensionable age, latest available year (percentages) | ||
Figure 4.10a |
Old-age pension beneficiaries as a proportion of the population above statutory pensionable age, (a) 2000 (percentages)
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Figure 4.10b | Old-age pension beneficiaries as a proportion of the population above statutory pensionable age, (b) 2010–12 (percentages) | ||
Figure 4.11 |
Comparison of the proportion of older persons receiving a pension, 2000 and 2010–12 (percentages)
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Figure 4.12 | Proportions of women and men in employment contributing to a pension scheme by area of residence (percentages) | ||
Figure 4.13 | Proportions of women and men above statutory pensionable age receiving an old-age (or survivor’s) pension, by area of residence | ||
Figure 4.14 | Pensioners’ declining relative standard of living as a result of price indexation or no indexation (compared to standard of living with wage indexation = 100) | ||
Figure 4.15 | Average replacement rates at retirement in public pension schemes in 2010 and projected for 2060, selected European countries (percentages) | ||
Figure 4.16 | Minimum replacement rates necessary to guarantee pension income above the poverty threshold |
Chapter 5 Towards universal coverage in health | Figures
Figure 5.1 | Health coverage by region: Proportion of population affiliated to national health services, social, private or micro-insurance schemes, latest available year (percentages) | ||
Figure 5.2 | Global health coverage: Proportion of population affiliated to national health services, social, private or micro-insurance schemes, latest available year (percentages) | ||
Figure 5.3 | Legal health coverage and poverty, latest available year (percentages) | ||
Figure 5.4 | The global deficit in effective access to health services, 2011–12, by level of country income | ||
Figure 5.5 | Legal health coverage and out-of-pocket payments in selected African countries, 2011 (percentages) | ||
Figure 5.6 | Schematic overview of health financing mechanisms | ||
Figure 5.7 | Coverage mechanisms used by countries with legal health coverage rates of 80 per cent of the population or over, latest available year | ||
Figure 5.8 | Sources of health-care financing, by region, 2011 (percentage of GDP) | ||
Figure 5.9 | Share of out-of-pocket expenditure in total health expenditure, by proportion of the population living on less than US$2 a day PPP, 2011 (percentages) | ||
Figure 5.10 | Number of health workers required to close global and regional gaps in universal health coverage, ILO estimate, 2014 | ||
Figure 5.11 | Yearly change in health workers’ remuneration as proportion of total health expenditure and GDP, by national income level, 2000–10 (percentages) |
Expanding social protection: Building recovery, inclusive development and social justice | Figures
Figure 6.1 | Social protection in stimulus packages, 2008–09 (percentage of total announced amount) | ||
Figure 6.2 | Number of countries contracting public expenditures (year on year), 2008–16, (a) relative to GDP and (b) in real terms | ||
Figures 6.3a & 6.3b | Excessive fiscal contraction: Projected decline (a) in total government expenditure relative to GDP, and (b) in real government expenditure (2013¬–15 average over 2005–07 average, percentages) | ||
Figures 6.4a - 6.4d | Public social protection expenditure as a percentage of GDP, real GDP and real per capita public social protection expenditure (index 100 = 2007): (a) world; (b) high-income countries; (c) middle-income countries; (d) low-income countries | ||
Figures 6.5a & 6.5b | Trends in government and public social protection expenditure per capita (in constant prices): (a) 2007–09; (b) 2009–11 | ||
Figure 6.6 | Expansion of social protection in middle- and low-income countries: Selected examples of new and expanded programmes, 2000–13 | ||
Figure 6.7 | Support for the financial sector, fiscal stimulus packages and public debt increases, selected HICs, 2008–10 (US$ billions) | ||
Figure 6.8 | Increase in the proportion of the population at risk of poverty in 18 European countries between 2008 and 2012 | ||
Figure 6.9 | Distribution of expenditure-based versus revenue-based fiscal consolidation plans in 30 OECD countries, 2009–15 | ||
Figure 6.10 | The social and economic risks of fiscal consolidation | ||
Figures 6.11a - 6.11d |
Trends in real public social protection expenditure, GDP, consumption and unemployment, 2007–2012–13: (a) United States; (b) Japan; (c) France; (d) EU-27 | ||
Figure 6.12 | Contributions of various components to the growth of nominal gross disposable income of households, European Area 17 countries, 2000–12 (percentages) | ||
Figure 6.13 | Annual changes in disposable income, 2007–10, by income component, selected OECD countries (percentages) | ||
Figure 6.14 | Reduction in gross theoretical replacement rates of statutory pensions for average wage workers retiring at age 65 after 40 years of contributions, 2010–50 (percentage points of theoretical average wage) | ||
Figure 6.15a - 6.15d | Public social protection and household final consumption expenditure, unemployment and GDP: Recent developments in the four EU countries under economic adjustment programmes, 2008–13: (a) Ireland; (b) Greece; (c) Portugal; (d) Cyprus | ||
Figure 6.16 | Poverty rates in OECD countries before and after taxes and social protection transfers, latest available year (around 2010) | ||
Figure 6.17 | Increase in public social protection expenditure, selected middle-income countries, 2000 to latest year (percentage of GDP) | ||
Figure 6.18 | Increase in social protection expenditure ratios, selected low-income countries, 2000 to latest year (percentage of GDP) | ||
Figure 6.19 | Total government expenditures in selected countries, 2013 (percentage of GDP) | ||
Figure 6.20 | Illicit financial flows (IFF) versus official development assistance (ODA), 2000–09 (current US$ billions) | ||
Figure 6.21 | Public social protection expenditure (percentage of GDP) and proportion of the population in poverty | ||
Figure 6.22 | Public social protection expenditure (per cent of GDP) and income equality (Gini coefficient), latest year | ||
Figure 6.23 | Schematic representation of some of the positive impacts of the extension of social protection on inclusive growth (short-term) | ||
Figure 6.24 | Schematic representation of some of the positive impacts of the extension of social protection on inclusive growth (longer-term) |
Statistical annexes
Part A The demographic, economic and labour market environment
Demographic indicators |
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Table A.1 |
Demographic trends: Dependency ratios
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Table A.2 |
Demographic trends: Ageing
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Table A.3 |
Fertility, child and maternal mortality, life expectancy at birth
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Table A.4 |
Life expectancy at 20 or 60 years old
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Labour force and employment indicators
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Tables A.5 - A.6 |
Labour force to population ratios at ages 15-64 yrs and 65+ yrs
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Tables A.7 - A.8 |
Employment to population ratio at ages 15-24 yrs and 15+ yrs
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Table A.9 |
Status in employment
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Table A.10 |
Unemployment as a percentage of the labour force
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Economic and poverty indicators
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Table A.11 |
Poverty and income distribution
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Table A.12 |
GDP and HDI
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Part B Social security coverage and expenditure |
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Table B.1 | Ratification of ILO social security Conventions, by region | |
Table B.2 | Overview of national social security systems | |
Unemployment |
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Table B.3 | Unemployment: indicators of effective coverage. Unemployed who actually receive benefits (percentages) | |
Employment injury |
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Table B.4 | Employment injury: Key features of main social security programmes | |
Maternity |
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Table B.5 | Maternity: Key features of main social security programmes (cash benefits) | |
Old age effective coverage |
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Table B.6 | Old-age pensions: Key features of main social security programmes | |
Table B.7 | Non-contributory pension schemes: main features and indicators | |
Table B.8 | Old-age effective coverage: active contributors (latest available year) | |
Table B.9 | Old-age effective coverage: old-age pension beneficiaries (latest available year) | |
Health specific indicators |
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Table B.10 | Total (public and private) health-care expenditure not financed by private household's out-of-pocket payments (percentage) | |
Table B.11 | The multiple dimensions of health coverage | |
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Social security expenditure | ||
Table B.12 | Public social protection expenditure, 1990 to lastest available year (percentage of GDP) | |
Table B.13 | Public social protection expenditure by guarantee, latest available year (percentage of GDP) |